The Redundant Gravitational Force Field
A mass of matter is coasting along through space. It has ‘conserved momentum'. It follows the curved lines of that ‘spacetime' until it reaches the surface of the body. It still has conserved momentum and so it attempts to continue coasting through spacetime, but it cannot make any forward progress because the path is blocked by another clump of matter, which also has conserved momentum, and is trying to continue to coast through space, but cannot, because it is blocked by another clump of matter which is also attempting to coast, but is blocked, and so on and so on. Each one of these clumps of matter that make up the aggregate clump of matter possesses ‘conserved momentum' and therefore constantly generates an acceleration force, while not being able to move, because the path is blocked by a debris field.
The equivalence principle tells us that all these individual constituent parts of the aggregated whole possess ‘conserved momentum' and therefore are in a state of ‘suspended virtual motion' for they continue to produce ‘redshifted light' (as though they were still moving) and they also produce the same time dilation effects as a clump of matter that is free to move through the field.
We can see that invoking ‘a gravitational field' to explain this alleged ‘gravitational force field' is an entirely redundant step, for we can simply explain the observed effects by invoking a momentum field. We also know that a gravitational field cannot be ‘a matter based field' for the Hoover dam uses ‘gravity' to impart momentum to water and thus accelerate water so as to spin a turbine and then generate electricty, and so it is hard to imagine how a matter based field is translated into electricty, unless someone were to propose a new theory of the decay of matter. We know that whenever energy transfer takes place through this ‘gravitational field' the result is expressed in the form of a change of momentum. This could be explained by a momentum field, and when we consider this, we have to ask why it would be required that some redundant ‘matter based gravitational field', the alleged ‘fourth field of the universe' must then be inserted into what would otherwise be a straightforward transfer of energy from one form (conserved momentum) to another form (electrical current).
Therefore, since we can explain these effects by invoking conserved momentum, what purpose is served by this ‘matter based gravitational field' (other than to create problems for scientists who must struggle to ‘unify' or even understand some field that does not even really exist, or should not exist, since it is not required)?
About the only reason I can think of that someone might consider a gravitational field to be a real existing field would be that so there could be something that could ‘warp spacetime'. There certainly isn't any other good reason to believe that something called a gravitational field actually does exist. It would appear to be a redundant and quite unnecessary field and therefore the principle known as Occam's Razor requires that we perform surgery and cut that gravitational field out of our sciences. (There are two ways we could ‘unify the fields', the first being to unify the field, and the second would be to not bother and just toss out the field, thus sparing ourselves a lot of unnecessary work while at the same time bringing us all one step closer to the unified field theory, since there was one less field).
Three Dimensional Space
In order to make the case that a ‘gravitational field' is just some scientific fiction we must discuss ‘space' for it has been said that this ‘gravitational field' is responsible for ‘warping' something called ‘spacetime'. We can see that a ‘gravitational force field' (those so called ‘g-forces') are redundant, and therefore if we are to keep around ‘gravity' about the only useful purpose such a field with no aasociated force field could serve would be to hang around so that there would be something to ‘warp the spacetime'. After all, how else could that spacetime get warped?
In the image above we simulate a simple circuit where a surplus of energy exists (represented in white) and a deficit of energy exists (black). This produces what is called a voltage between the two elements, and current then begins to flow from the surplus towards the deficit region. A magnetic field is created while this current flow is in progress (for the purpose of a magnetic field is to maintain an even distribution of energy in the field). When the energy has been evenly distributed within this closed system all current flow ceases and the energy can be said to exist in a state of entropy (which we will define as a smooth even distribution of energy).
Here we have described one of the fundamental properties possessed by this energy field. It constantly seeks to move towards a state of entropy.
We represent the perfect state of the energy field above, where the entire universe is represented by a bland shade of perfectly even grey. As we know, the universe does not look like this (far from it), but given the demonstrated properties of this energy field, such a state would be the ideal result. All structure in the universe has disappeared and the universe has become a perfectly evenly distributed energy field (a perfect state of entropy exists).
One of the most fundamental assumptions of any ‘unified field theory' is that the field must be a single unified field. Therefore it logically follows from this that we must assume that an equivalence exists between what we perceive to be ‘three dimensional space' and the energy field, for the largest visible field in the universe is this three dimensional space field. No unified theory would be a unified theory if it did not include this three dimensional spatial field. Therefore space itself must be just one more manifestation of that chameleon, the energy field. (The idea is similar to that of the proposed ‘Higgs field' in particle physics which is a field which permeates all space).
There is evidence that can be interpreted to support the hypothesis that space itself is an energy field. Hot gas expands. As the energy increases the gas seems to require more space. The effect is similar to that of an increase in repulsive charge. As temperature decreases the gas forms a Bose Einstein condensate, and the effect is similar to a loss of repulsive charge as the atoms form one homogenous clump and the space between them disappears.
To understand entropy we would have to understand the fundamental properties of this energy field. It is possible that the field possesses a property something like that of an elastic tension. Understanding entropy is also complicated by the fact that field entropy seems to be a relative property, and is not constant. One example of this is ‘temperature entropy'. A closed system can become stable at 79 degrees, or it can become stable at 110 degrees, and so on. The temperature is irrelevant and all that matters is that the temperature be consistent. Similarly a closed system could generate current in response to a high voltage or a low voltage and could be fed by a large power supply or a small power supply in all such cases a system can reach a stable state of entropy, for in any closed system, the definition of entropy appears to be relative to that system.
You may have heard of the ‘dark energy' of the universe. Some unknown repulsive force is responsible for counter acting expected gravitational effects and is pushing the universe apart by producing an unexplained acceleration. Now if we consider the universe as being a very large closed system, and if we consider the spatial field to be a component of the universal energy field, we can then postulate that field motion is occurring because the large closed system of the universe is moving towards a balanced state. The motion of galaxies could be considered similar to that of the flow of current within a small closed circuit where a voltage is present. It is known that there are massive structures composed of galaxies and that there are equally massive regions devoid of galaxies, and so we can see that the energy density of the universe is not evenly distributed, and given the fundamental nature of the energy field, if we consider that space itself is also a manifestation of that energy field, we could then understand why anomalous unexplained forces are at work pushing galaxies around in the universe. Space itself is part of the universal energy field and the distribution of energy in the universe is very uneven (we could think of those vast empty voids as being like a deficit region, generating a voltage, while these enormous galactic structures resemble areas of surplus energy, creating unevenness in the field, which always results in field motion_.
There is evidence to suggest that the energy field must always create three dimensional space according to some fixed rule, which is somehow related to a fundamental property possessed by this energy. On the left we assume that there exists a certain quantity of energy which is evenly distributed over a three dimensional space. On the right we illustrate either a magnetic field or what has been called a gravitational field, where most of the energy is found concentrated near the center of the field, while the rest of the energy is distributed in decreasing density as distance from the field center increases, with the distribution of such fields always corresponding to the Inverse Square law (the density decreases according to inverse square of the distance, such that at 2 times the distance, the density is 1/4, at 4 times, the density has fallen off to 1/16, and so on.) We make the assumption that the reason for this relationship described by the Inverse Square law is that a certain quantity of energy (the total field density) always creates a corresponding three dimensional space.
In an abstract sense any given quantity of energy must occupy infinite space, for the field can be described as going on to infinity with the energy distribution becoming tinier with increasing distance. However this must be impossible (one of the properties of the energy field must be that it is not infinitely divisible or infinitely stretchable). It would also seem probable that the energy field exists within an underlying dimension of ‘zero' (it exists in the midst of nothingness), and for this reason the field adopts this nonuniform distribution (described by the inverse square law). The field is unable to achieve entropy for this would require the field to expand infinitely, which must be impossible for some fundamental reason inherent in energy field properties, and therefore the end result is that the universe is found to resemble a perpetual motion machine, always seeking, but never finding, a state of entropy.
An equivalence exists between a magnetic field and what has been called a gravitational field. Objects falling into either field follow an identical trajectory. The two graphs plotting this motion would be identical. The geometry of the ‘space' around both fields is identical in shape (it describes a warped and curved path which eventually becomes a straight line pointing down towards the center of the field, which is the path an object would follow when falling into either field). Both fields possess an identical spatial geometry. Both fields have a density distribution described by the inverse square law.
A Mass of Matter
What has been called ‘the gravitational field' is produced by an amalgamation of matter. Matter is produced by even tinier bits of matter.
We can investigate the nature of these tiny jigsaw puzzle pieces that make up matter (such as the cores of atoms) by conducting experiments with such devices as colliding particle accelerators. In the image above we imagine that the nucleus of an atom is composed of much smaller bits (represented by the little purple circles in the top left corner). These little bits are usually referred to as ‘quarks' and are held together by a glue referred to as ‘the strong nuclear force'. The bonds can be broken by accelerating the nucleus to the highest possible velocity and then smashing them together in a head-on collision, which causes the bonds to break apart, and all the little bits then fly off where they are then detected by the particle detectors, represented in yellow above. (At present no one has ever busted apart a ‘quark' into even smaller chunks, and so this appears to be the smallest possible puzzle piece making up the matter in all atoms).
We know that a mass of matter is arranged in a field that is identical to the magnetic field. This does not change as the mass of matter grows larger or smaller. For this reason we could assume that even at the smallest and most fundamental level, a mass of matter is represented by an arrangement of field energy as described by the inverse square law.
We could represent this distribution in two ways, and so the images above could be interpreted as the field distribution of the moon, or the earth, or Jupiter, or the sun, or perhaps it could be the field distribution of a pebble on the beach, or an atom inside that pebble, or perhaps a quark inside that atom. We are making an assumption here that there is no difference in the observed field distribution of any mass of matter, whether that be a mass of masses of any size, or a single component part of that mass, the most fundamental and elementary mass.
For this reason we are going to draw the conclusion that the reason there is a ‘warped space field' in the vicinity of a mass of matter is one of the consequences of the manner in which energy is found to be distributed in fields (following the dictates of the Inverse Square Law). The reasons for this distribution must have something to do with fundamental field properties, and I also propose the hypothesis that the reason why the field does not seek a perfect state of entropy (an evenly distributed grey, which would be ideal) and instead adopts this anomalous uneven distribution is because the field exists within a dimension of zero, which is to say that it exists within an infinity of nothing, and the field is unable to fill infinity with an even field for it must be true that the field is finite and that the field is not infinitely divisible or stretchable.
What I am suggesting here is that space, much like a baked potato, is just a creation of the energy field, and apart from the energy field there is no space. The universe does not exist within space, but rather space is one more property of the universe, and apart from the universe there is no space. Therefore space is not some independent entity which can then be ‘warped' or ‘stretched' by a mass of matter. Rather space is just an arrangement of energy that corresponds to the distribution described by the Inverse Square Law.
Gravitational Field Energy
We can be certain that space is an energy field, for we power our devices using energy that we seemingly pull right out of thin air. Consider the example of a hydroelectric dam which is a primitive device designed to convert gravitational field energy (the energy represented by this warped three dimensional space) into electrical current. Water is allowed to fall down ‘because of the force of gravity' and then spins an electromagnetic turbine generator, which then produces electricity. We know that the mass of matter possesses something called ‘conserved momentum' (for the earth is in orbit around the sun). We know that such momentum is a form of stored energy and that it must be stored in some location, which we will call ‘a momentum field'. We also know that when you want to transfer momentum directly from one momentum field to another momentum field, you must do so by means of what is called ‘the gravitational field'. The moon accelerates every year and moves a little higher into orbit (by about 3 centimeters) because of momentum energy transferred from the earth to the moon by means of the ‘gravitational tidal interaction'. We accelerate spacecraft using the flyby maneuver by causing a craft to plunge through the gravitational field of some planet as a way to gain more momentum. We impart momentum to water so as to convert momentum energy to electricity by allowing water to fall and strike turbine generators in electromagnetic dams.
We know that the source of this energy is not ‘the mass of matter' but rather it must be the ‘conserved momentum' found in the momentum field of that mass of matter (for a gain in momentum is always accompanied by a corresponding loss of momentum in the donor field). Therefore it must be the case that the space surrounding the mass of matter is permeated with energy, and much like a magnetic field, the so called ‘gravitational field' is just a means of distributing such energy over a field (which then creates similar ‘warped paths' which an object would follow when falling into either such field).
I feel that it is important to emphasize these points for otherwise the claim could be made that a ‘gravitational field' must exist, for what else could possibly be ‘warping the spacetime' (as though somehow ‘spacetime' was an independent entity that could only be warped by the intrusion of some ‘mass of matter'). There is only one possible reason anyone could invoke a ‘gravitational field' and that is because of this supposed ‘warping' relationship that is said to exist between this field and ‘spacetime'. What is being suggested here is that ‘space' is a component part of the field, just as matter is also a component part of the field, which is to say that ‘space' is just an extension of matter.
The point being made here is that matter does not ‘warp spacetime' because that require something called ‘spacetime' to actually exist, in that there was this entirely independent entity known as ‘spacetime' into which you could then drop ‘masses of matter' thus causing that ‘spacetime' to warp because someone dropped a mass of matter into it.
Conserved Momentum
We drop a hammer and a feather in a gravitational field. If we drop the hammer and the feather onto the surface of the moon, as illustrated at the top, they drift slowly to the moon's surface, and both impact at exactly the same moment. If we drop a hammer or a feather onto a body larger than the moon then the hammer and the feather both experience an equal and greater acceleration, while still impacting the surface at exactly the same time.
We therefore conclude that the momentum expressed by a hammer or a feather within motion in a what is called the gravitational field is not related to the aggregate mass (for a hammer is much more massive than a feather, and if therefore we would expect a hammer to fall faster than a feather if the aggregate mass was important). We also know that a hammer and a feather must possess a certain fixed and minimal quantity of ‘conserved momentum', for all we need to do is to release a hammer and feather and they immediately begin to coast through the field. We do not need to impart momentum, for a hammer and a feather already possess momentum, and we know that this must be a fixed and invariant quantity of conserved momentum, for both hammer and feather move through the field at a fixed rate. Therefore we conclude that one of the properties of the elementary particles that make up all matter is such that any particle that possesses ‘mass' at the same time possesses a fixed and invariant quantity of ‘conserved momentum'. This would be just another way of saying that E=MC2, for the mass functions as ‘momentum energy' when it interacts with an energy field.
It therefore would appear that when you drop a hammer and feather it is not the aggregated mass which begins to coast through the field, but rather it is the ‘quarks' which are coasting through the field, and they move through the field as though they remain independent masses of matter, which were not part of some larger aggregated mass. It must be the quarks that possess this property of ‘conserved momentum' for there is no difference between the quarks in some hammer or some feather, and so therefore a hammer and feather experience the same acceleration.
Relative Momentum or Absolute Momentum?
Is the acceleration experienced by an object following that warped path towards the surface of some mass the result of a relative increase of momentum or is an energy transfer taking place (an absolute increase in momentum resulting in increasing acceleration)?A meter stick is defined as such and such a number of wavelengths of a certain frequency of light. Mary measures a meter stick down on earth. She then sends a sample of that frequency to Tom somewhere out in space, and when Tom receives the sample it is redshifted. Tom cannot use that sample frequency to measure a meter stick or the stick that would result would be longer than a meter. This suggests that the space Tom exists in is dilated, and that therefore it must be true that Mary's meter stick is ‘shorter' than Tom's meter stick, which is longer because it exists in a lower energy and thus dilated space.
This leads me to draw the conclusion that a relative increase in momentum is responsible for the constant acceleration experienced by a falling object in the spatial field in the vicinity of a mass of matter (notice how tortured my language must become to avoid using the term ‘gravitational field', which would be more convenient, but erroneous).
The graphics above illustrates a relative increase in momentum as a quark coasts through a momentum field (the field previously known as ‘the gravitational field'). As field strength increases (whiter) the meter stick grows shorter, and the space occupied by the quark and its momentum field contracts. We consider momentum to be a density function (you increase momentum by increasing the energetic density in the momentum field). Therefore as the space occupied by the quark contracts, the result is increased density and therefore a relative increase in momentum.
In the above illustration we illustrate a transfer of energy from the surrounding field to the momentum field of the quark, resulting in an absolute increase in momentum. The quark field has less momentum energy than the surrounding field (symbolized by the dark grey) and therefore a situation similar to a voltage difference exists, which then causes the surrounding field to transfer energy (the yellow arrow) with the result being that the quark field now has the same momentum potential as the surrounding field. This process continues as the quark moves through increasingly dense parts of the field. Finally the quark will impact the surface of the body of matter, at which time it will still possess all its conserved momentum and will begin to express the gravitational force as it attempts to continue to coast through the field, while at the same time being blocked by an enormous number of other quarks attempting to do the same thing while being similarly blocked. Because the momentum field of the quark was topped off, its attempted acceleration will be exactly equivalent to the acceleration point in the momentum field at the surface of the matter body.
From Momentum to Electrical Current: A quark traverses the Hoover Dam
A quark was coasting along, followed the curved lines of the spatial field, as one of many quarks making up the water coasting downward in the Hoover Dam, when the forward progress of that traveling quark was interrupted by an impact with a quark that made up the one of the blades on the flywheel of the electromagnetic turbine generator (shown in purple).
Because the quark in the rotor wheel was able to move, the quark in the water column was able to transfer a small quanta of momentum energy to the quark in the rotor wheel, thus increasing its momentum field strength, and causing the quark in the rotor wheel to move slightly. However this caused the momentum field of the quark in the water column to lose energy, as indicated by the dark color of the donor quark in the figure one. This then created a field discontinuity, which then caused the surrounding momentum field to respond by donating a small quanta of momentum energy to the donor quark, as illustrated in figure 2. Field equality was reestablished and the momentum field of the donor quark was once equivalent to the density of the energy level of the surrounding momentum field. The process then returned to step one, over and over again, until such a time as the water quark exited the Hoover Dam through the drain pipe, having played a role in transferring momentum energy one quanta at a time to the quarks in the rotor wheel, thus helping to spin the wheel and turn the electromagnetic turbine generating electrical energy.
As a result of this process, the momentum field of the earth was drained of some energy, thus causing the orbit of the earth around the sun to slightly slow down. However, that did not turn out to be much a problem, for it would take trillions of years for the Hoover Dam to cause the earth to plummet in the sun due to lost orbital momentum, and the earth was also increasing its momentum through a tidal interaction with the sun, with the increased momentum resulting in the earth moving into a higher orbit at a rate of several centimeters per year, which more than compensated for the momentum energy lost in energy production at the Hoover Dam.
I thought it best to point this out in case any Chicken Little wants to panic because we were ‘slowing down the orbit of the earth' and thus were in danger of plunging into the sun because of the Unified Field Theory. In truth energy generation by means of the earth's momentum field is the greenest and cleanest and safest energy source available, and the supply of energy available in this form is inexhaustible..
A quark goes to work in a Newtonian Rocket Engine
A quark found itself inside the flaming turmoil generated by combustion and burning things up in one of those classical Newtonian devices. Because of the pressure build up in the device the quark coasted through the spatial field until it impacted some quark that was part of the metallic edges of that combustion chamber (illustrated in blue). The yellow combustion quark then donated one small quanta of momentum energy to that metal quark, thus causing the metal quark to respond by generating some momentum in the equal and same and not opposite direction to that traveled by the combustion quark. A bunch of other quarks were spewed out the backside of that Newtonian combustion chamber in the directly equal and opposite direction of the desired direction of travel, thus becoming totally wasted energy and contributing nothing to the forward momentum of that rocket, other than the part they played in building up pressure and thus forcing that yellow quark to travel in the equal and same direction as the desired direction of travel only to bump into that metal quark and then transfer a quanta of momentum.