Figure 9. The early universe modeled as a one dimensional straight line vector. Its total energy is represented by the length of the straight line (E-Total).

In the beginning the universe could be described as a vector. A vector is just a straight line. The universe could be described as a vector, if we were looking for a symbol to describe the early universe, because the universe consisted solely of quantized energy and its energy was E-total. Therefore the universe was a one dimensional quantity which must have appeared in the midst of the nothingness of space in zero time.

We know that the universe must have appeared instantly because the speed of light through empty space is 300,000 kilometers per second. Therefore if were to say that the speed of light was not 300,000 kilometers per second this equivalent to saying that the universe did not exist.

If we were to ask what the speed of light was at precisely time zero the answer would have to be that the speed of light at time zero was 300,000 kilometers per second in zero time, instantly, or that the speed of light was zero at time zero, implying that the energy of the universe did not exist at time zero. This is enigmatic and screws with a person’s head but such are the paradoxes that appear when you go all the way back to time zero. For example, you could say that at time zero the speed of light was zero and then suddenly at time 0.0000001 the speed of light was 300,000 kilometers per second. But then I could ask about 0.000000000000001, and someone could say, alright it was 300,000 kilometers per second at that micro second, and then I could add one hundred more zeros to that fractional decimal, and then one thousand, and then on into eternal infinity.

Therefore we might as well say that in the beginning, the universe came into existence instantly in zero time. Not 0.0000001 seconds, but rather the universe came into existence in zero time, which is no time at all no matter how many gazillion zeroes you want to use followed by a one. Instantly the universe came into existence and then instantly in zero time the speed of light was instantly 300,000 kilometers per second.

Now in order to understand the big bang, which is required if we are to have a Unified Field Theory, I must employ a few diagrams that I do not intend any reader to take literally. They are just diagrams being employed as symbols to describe a concept.

Now we know that in zero time the speed of light must have been 300,000 kilometers per second because that it is how EM waves always behave right to this very day. From the very instant that an EM wave appears anew in some star or out of some atom in this universe it instantly in zero time becomes an EM wave with a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, so the behavior of the EM wave is exactly the same today as it was right before the big bang happened. It also remains just as paradoxical today to consider an EM wave instantly in zero time attaining its tremendous velocity, but then such weird paradoxical ideas are required whenever you think about an EM energy wave, whether it was the very first appearance of an EM energy mass or the very first appearance of a new EM wave coming instantly in zero time out of the light bulb beside your desk. Yes, it is a paradoxical concept but you will have to get used to it.

Figure 10. Now imagine that in zero time a one dimensional quantity, the Total Energy of the universe, which suddenly in an instant appeared in the middle of nothingness, instantly became an EM wave traveling at 300,000 kilometers a second as modeled by the blue lines coming out of the straight line vector. We can then picture the EM wave as a square, where the width of the square is the distance traveled by the EM wave and the height of the square is always E-Total, the total energy of the universe.

Figure 11. You can also imagine this square surface expanding every microsecond, getting bigger and bigger, and in every case it remains a square, because the height is always E-Total and the width is always the distance traveled.

Figure 12. Next we will imagine that we are looking at the square from a tilted angle so that it looks like a trampoline, and there are now EM waves popping up into the air from the surface of that trampoline.

So then we now have a one dimensional straight line vector, which became a two dimensional square and which has now become a 3-Dimensional object as the EM waves jump up off the surface of the trampoline at 300,000 kilometers per second.

Figure 13. This is a representation of an electromagnetic field (the sphere) enclosing the flat electric field the square. The purpose of this illustration is to suggest that the same behavior we see today was present from the very beginning of the EM field.

So then what we have seen is that in zero time a flat one dimensional quantized energy field came into existence in the midst of empty nothingness, and given that nothing is like a negative charge to get an EM field to start moving, instantly, in zero time, the flat one dimensional vector became a square and then instantly in zero time the flat square became a sphere. This identical behavior still occurs to this very day all over the universe, when, in zero time an EM wave appears and then begins to expand in spherical form as it tries to fill every last crevice of empty space with positive EM energy.

Now if someone were to ask what the dimensions of these EM squares and spheres are in zero time the answer would have to be zero, and if you want to talk about dimensions you would have to pick an actual time sometime after zero. Any time other than zero will do, and if you talk about that time you will make sense and not become confused trying to imagine how anything in the world could ever become a line, then a square and then a round sphere all in zero time, instantly, in no time at all. It happens all the time but it would better for people to pick a real time that means something, since it turns out that ‘time’ is a relative concept, and it is relative to the speed of light. If you pick the time 0.000001 seconds, that would make sense, and indeed any time, with any number of decimal point zeros followed by any number would be fine, just as long as the time you pick is not zero, which won’t make any sense to you.

I also thought I would introduce people to the concept of the line, the square, followed by the sphere, just to hopefully prevent people from thinking in concrete terms about the big bang, as though there was this round particle photon present at the big bang.

In the present universe there are currently hundreds of billions of hundreds of billions of such magnetic bubbles being blown out into space, at least that we know about so far, but in the very beginning, there was just the one bubble, just one single quantized enormously unimaginably powerful EM wave. To understand this single wave bubble we should spend a little time at the point about one second before the big bang occurred, give or take fractions of a second, since it is so hard to be exact

Figure 14. The reason why masses of energy assume a round shape is that the force we call ‘gravity’ pulls everything down towards a spot located at the very center of the mass of energy..

Now we know that the gravitational field can result in crushing forces that attempt to smash electromagnetic spheres into more and more compact sizes. One example is the heavily squashed neutron star. Another example would be a black hole.

Figure 15. As the EM sphere began to expand at the speed of light, being attracted by the negative energy field of the nothingness of space (represented by the minus sign) at the same time an enormously powerful negative energy vortex was forming in the middle of the sphere itself, the beginning of what must have been an extremely powerful black hole.

Any Unified Field Theory must include the assumption that gravity is not a ‘mass’ phenomenon that only affects ‘matter’ (through the mechanism of ‘curved space time’) but rather that Gravity is just one manifestation of a single force, and that therefore, there is no reason to assume that a massive quanta of energy did not experience ‘gravitational’ effects, since the gravitational effect was merely an ElectroMagmetic field effect, wherein ‘gravity’ in this case consists of the attraction of the expanding energy quanta to the area of ‘negative charge’ opening up in the middle of the expanding magnetic sphere.

Now the empty space around the expanding sphere is also a negatively charged region, but the negative charge within the center of the sphere is a region within a positively charged Electromagnetic Sphere of enormous energy.

One of the properties I assign to this energy is that it is an intrinsic property of an EM field area to attempt to maintain an equal distribution of energy over all. We see this property displayed by energy all the time. If you turn on a switch, you close a circuit, and this results in a positively charged region, which contains the energy you wish to employ, to be suddenly exposed to an empty negative region (or a ‘hole’) and this is then referred to as a voltage potential, and when exposed to a voltage difference, or a difference in the equal distribution of energy, immediately current begins to flow from the positive region, which has the energy, towards the empty ‘negative hole’. If this was not true then when you turned on the light switch, you would not get any light coming out of some light bulb, and no electrical appliance would ever work.

Therefore we know, based upon our ordinary everyday experience that it could be said that if there is one thing that an EM field cannot tolerate it is a difference in energy distribution. When there is no difference, and the energy is evenly distributed, the EM field becomes stable and no current of energy will flow, for within that closed system the energy has reached a state of equal distribution and for energy this represents the stable state. The only way to get energy moving once again would to open up another one of those ‘holes’, and it does not need to be a ‘black hole’, for even a ‘grey hole’ will get some current moving, although since the voltage is lower between two ‘grey holes’ or between a ‘white hole’ and a ‘grey hole’ you could expect a less energetic response from the EM field and thus less current.

We can think of the formation of the first enormous black hole as being the result of behavior similar to that of a resonant circuit, where the energy travels first towards one negative zone, and then reverses direction and heads towards what was once a positive region but has since become a negative region.

We know that the behavior of energy is to reach an even distribution of energy within any closed system, and then settle into a stable state which does not change, and it is for this reason that in order to create a ‘resonant circuit’ it is required that a magnetic coil be placed between the positive ‘white’ area with all the energy and the ‘negative black hole’, A resonating circuit sends all the energy from the ‘white positive area’ into the ‘negative black hole’ at which time the ‘charge is reversed’ and now what once was positive becomes the negative black hole and what once negative becomes the positive white hole. The energy bounces back and forth between those two regions like a ping pong ball as the regions take turns becoming full and then empty of energy causing the energy to race back and forth trying to fill some black hole with energy. This demonstrates that the concepts of ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ are relative, and that there is no such thing as ‘positive energy’ or ‘negative energy’ there is just ‘energy’ and there is ‘not-energy’ or ‘less energy’. In a resonant circuit the magnetic coil of wire is required in between the two regions because without the coil all that would happen is that the energy would spread out evenly and divide itself equally between both regions and then quickly settle into a stable state, instead of exhibiting the desired resonating behavior of bouncing like a ping pong ball. The magnetic coil slows down the energy and traps it temporarily by building up a magnetic field which offers resistance for a time, as the magnetic field attempts to keep the energy level stable within the region of the charged coil (which then prevents the energy for a time from reaching the negative zone. Eventually the energy will begin to spill over to reach the negative zone, having run the obstacle course in the coil, and at this point the magnetic field, to even out the flow, must push more energy in the direction of the leakage, which is now a negative zone within the magnetic field of the coil. This process of first using a magnetic coil to slow down the flow of current as it leaves the positive zone and builds up in the coil, and then responding to leaks on the side facing the negative zone by pushing all the energy out, does not allow the resonant circuit to ever reach a stable equilibrium, for once the energy reaches the negative zone, it becomes positive, and the drained positive zone has become negative, and so the process repeats itself in reverse. Then again and again and again. The energy bounces like a ping pong ball from one region and then back to the other as the two regions take turns being positive (full of energy) and negative (empty of energy).

It is for this reason that we must conclude that a black hole did indeed form at the time of the big bang, within the center of the expanding magnetic bubble, since ‘gravity’ is just another manifestation of the characteristic behavior of energy and one of its most fundamental and invariant properties, that of ‘equal distribution’ and the elimination of ‘black holes’ (or grey holes for that matter), since all a black hole is, as far as the EM field is concerned, is an area with no energy, and therefore a ‘negative charge’ which results in ‘attraction’ as the energy attempts to even out the distribution by ‘filling the hole’ until a steady stable state is achieved.

It is for this reason that when the enormously powerful quanta of energy present at the time of the big bang began to expand in the three dimensions, taking on the familiar spherical shape, a contradiction was encountered in that the EM wave had to expand outwards into the negatively charged region of empty space at 300,000 kilometers per second, but at the same time a black hole region was opening up within the sphere of the EM wave itself, and as we know from everyday observations of how an EM energy field behaves, a black hole in the energy field is never tolerated and must be filled.

It is for this reason that we should expect that what happened next was the appearance of powerful vortexes within the expanding magnetic bubble, of incredible power, given the enormous energy that we know had to be present in that original massive quantized vector of energy that created all the enormous expanse of the universe.

Now trying to model the massively powerful swirling magnetic vortexes that began to form in that enormously powerful expanding energy bubble in the first second or so before the big bang would be a job for a super-computer, but I will make an inadequate attempt to illustrate the point.

The above diagram is intended to convey some idea of the magnitude of the energy vortex that created the Big Bang and the known universe, this time modeled as wave form, with E-Total, the total quantized energy of the entire universe the white wave form on the right, and the bottomless pit black hole forming at the center of the wave front in black near the bottom. The small white dots are galaxy clusters, but given that this energy front created hundreds of billions of galaxies, these dots are not to scale and should perhaps be about the size of an atom, in which case they would not show up on the drawing. The scale on the left shows the distance between our galaxy, the Milky Way, on the bottom, and the nearest galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, at the top, to give the reader some kind of idea just how large this drawing of a wave form should be if it was to be drawn on a piece paper at the proper scale in the hopes of encapsulating the power of this event.

What then must have followed was an enormous break up of the energy field in the midst of a great swirling vortex, as the tidal forces of the growing magnetic field caused by the motion of the EM energy field, attempted to turn the field away from empty to space and towards the black hole developing in the center of the EM sphere. Because we know that the universe is made up of quantized atoms, with each atom possessing a certain fixed energy density, it logically follows from this that it must have been the case that the energy field was first packed at increasing densities towards the bottom of the hole while at the same time the energy field was being ripped into small fragments that would eventually become the quantized units of energy that compose each atom.

The image above shows the density of the 117 elements on the Periodic Table of the Elements, beginning with the least dense, and thus the smallest width on the yellow portion of the graph, Hydrogen, element number one, at the top left. As the density of each element increases the width of the yellow section becomes wider (and I have attempted to make the color a little darker as well). The density differences between each atom is an almost linear function (a straight line). On the right I have attempted to model in black and white the density distribution of energy, from least dense, at the top, where Hydrogen is found, to extremely dense, and thus darker near the bottom, where the most dense and heaviest elements are found. Therefore it becomes clear that the density of the energy of elements can be related to the distribution of energy within a magnetically generated gravitational field.

Both magnetic fields and gravitational fields obey the inverse square law, and the above image is an attempt to convey the idea of energy distribution within a magnetically driven field of gravitation being responsible for the distribution of elements found in the Periodic Table. Looking down into the black hole, we can see in the outer ring, the ring with the least density, a large cloud of energy which would then become the most abundant of the elements in the universe, Hydrogen, followed by Helium, and so on. If this hypothesis is accurate then we would expect to see some sort of correspondence between the rarity or abundance of elements and their position within an electromagnetic gravitational field which obeys the inverse square law, with elements becoming increasingly rare the higher their relative atomic mass.

It is the hypothesis of this Unified Field Theory that the atom is the fundamental building block of what we perceive as being ‘matter’. (The theory does allow for the creation of neutrons, which are balanced in their creation of negative and positive inflows and outflows, but a proton is an unbalanced object, and so therefore a proton must be considered some sort of a deformed neutron, deformed by the surrounding magnetic field, which is also responsible for creating the electrons that are responsible for the deformations in the flow pattern)..

Given the close correspondence that exists between the density of energy found in the elements in the Periodic Table and the density gradient you would expect to see in a magnetic field, it seems a reasonable hypothesis that no building blocks are required, but that rather what must have happened was a massive quantization of energy into little packets within the swirling maelstrom of a powerful magnetic field torn between the negative zone of empty space and the internal black hole in the energy field. What must have followed was a bounce as the field experienced crushing forces as it attempted to return to the state of being a single quantized vector, but was prevented from doing so by the magnetic quantization of small spheres, the atoms, in which current began flowing under the intense pressure of the collapse. This would then have resulted in the eruption of the drain holes and geysers we see in atoms (it is my hypothesis that these are the result of pressure), which would then have collectively generated a pressure resisting further collapse, until finally the pressure of collapse became less than the expansion pressure generated by the newly quantized atomic magnetic spheres and the result would have been a red hot explosion, the explosion we refer to as the big bang. As the atoms were scattered through space, they would have experienced depressurization and the result would have been the emission of excess energy, the first radiant release of energy by atoms in the universe, the remnants of which we can still detect today in the form of the background radiation.

Unlike charges attract and so we can expect clumping to occur as atoms with temperature variations, which are a measure of differing charges, were attracted and repelled and attracted and repelled by their energy differentials. Meanwhile the atoms themselves would have been engulfed in an ocean of emitted EM radiation, which itself is a source of gravitational attraction, as was the case in the very beginning, and so we can expect that in spite of opposing forces among atomic magnetic spheres, gravitational collapse would begin to occur as the combined gravity of the EM radiation in space generated the magnetic attraction that brought atoms into a state of equilibrium, which we perceive as masses of matter, as the opposing magnetic forces between atoms are balanced out by the attractive magnetic forces generated by a surrounding ocean of energy in which atoms exist in gravity fields.

Do black holes explode? According to the prevailing idea that ‘gravity’ is a physical phenomenon, something experienced by ‘matter’ due to the ‘curvature of space-time’, it would under this scenario seem to be impossible for a black hole to explode, and it would also be impossible for anything to ever escape from the steep gradient up the slope of such deeply curved space-time. According to this Unified Field Theory, wherein gravity is just the attraction of unlike charges between fields of energy in any form, a black hole does explode, but only if it eats enough so that internal expansion force of the crushed atoms it contains becomes more powerful than the internal crushing magnetic force of such a hole. If a black hole gets big enough the expansionary force that eventually results from such extreme compression eventually overpowers the compression force of the intense magnetic field.

We do see evidence that black holes do explode, but the evidence may not be currently interpreted properly due to the prevailing interpretation of what gravity is..

Figure 18. In 1997 an explosion in distant space was detected that was so enormous that it emitted hyper-intense gamma EM waves with the power of all the known gamma radiation in the total universe combined, coming from one single point in space. After calculations were made and it was revealed that there was no known super giant star that could ever explode and release that much energy an attempt was made to explain the massive explosion as being a kind of ‘point explosiion’ which occurred only on one small point on a super giant star, and then was detected on earth simply because the point emitted a jet of super intense gamma rays directly in the direction of the earth. The illustration above is from the NASA website and is an artists interpretation of how this event supposedly occurred. Currently the theory of gravity as ‘curved space time’ does not allow for massively powerful exploding black holes, the only known phenomenon with the mass of energy which would also explain such a massive explosion. According to this Unified Field Theory the EM explanation of how gravity works does leave room for black holes to explode, and assumes that an exploding black hole created the entire universe and so can also explain this rare event. I believe that such an explanation is more credible than the creation of a hypothetical single point jet explosion, since it seems obvious that the jet hypothesis was only created in the hope of saving modern physics from the total ruin that would have followed upon acknowledging the event as anything other than a single point jet explosion that just happened to be pointed right at earth, thus making it appear that something unbelievably enormous had not just exploded, which would violate all the laws of physics as they are understood today. For this reason I interpret the conventional explanation to be an anthropocentric rationalization driven by sheer desperation to find an explanation, some explanation, any explanation for that completely unexpected event that could not be explained by scientists.

There is other evidence that black holes do indeed explode, and that when they do explode they release the building blocks of matter, the elementary sub-atomic particles.

Figure 19. This is an image of the Crab Nebula taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. On July 4th, 1054 A.D., the explosion in space that formed this nebula was noted by Chinese astronomers. It was so brilliant that it was visible even during daylight hours for several years. You just don’t see things like that very often, perhaps once in a thousand years. The nebula is still emitting high energy gamma EM waves today. The conventional view of nebula creation is that all nebula are the end results of the explosion of dying stars, and while this may be true in some cases, a better explanation for the creation of the Crab Nebula is that it was the product of an exploding black hole, as the following images would suggest was the case.

Figure 20. The above photograph, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope shows an accretion disk swirling around a central black hole, with the characteristic super accelerated jet like streams being emitted from the north and south poles of the rotating black hole.

Figure 21. In this view of the Crab Nebula, taken by the Chandra space telescope in the invisible upper frequency bands, what is revealed is the collapsed and slowly expanding remains of what were once two black hole jets. It seems apparent upon examination of the photograph that the jets stopped abruptly when the black hole exploded. Swirling around the center of the event is now a cloud consisting of such gases as hydrogen and other substances.

Figure 22. Another view of the crab nebula. Images taken of objects in space at different frequencies of the EM wave spectrum reveal different details of the same phenomenon. In this image you can still make out the features of the collapsed jets. The red in the image is large cloud of nitrogen, one of the elements required for life, while the other colors indicate the presence of hydrogen, oxygen, and sulphur, as well as other compounds in lesser amounts. The gaseous cloud is circling a pulsar, which you can see glowing like a small star in the center of the vortex, a type of densely packed stellar object consisting mainly of neutrons, a type of balanced magnetic package that it is conceivable that a black hole could produce, perhaps in the very upper and bands above Hydrogen, in which case a neutron would be what you get when the energy density is to low to even produce the lightest element, Hydrogen.

What all this suggests to me is that perhaps it might be time to consider creating super magnetic energy crushers, rather than ‘particle smashers’, since it would appear that the crushing of energy into dense quantized packets, and the resultant creation of stable, enclosed magnetic bubbles of energy is the correct explanation for the creation of the atom, the building block of everything we see around us in such marvelous diversity in this universe of ours.