It is evident that 'the political propaganda' in Joshua is nothistorical. Archeological evidence indicates that rather than beingslaughtered, leaving no survivors, the Canaanites, 'the natives of the land,' continued to live on in Israel until well into the first millennium. Thisfact is also attested to in the bitter polemics of Ezra and Nehemiah (circa 300B.C.E.) against both the rising birth rate and the 'mingling' of Israelis with thenative Canaanite populations of the land. (Note that the books list the descendants of Joshua, the High Priest, for many generations, indicating composition closer to the time of Alexander the Great than the time immediately after the exile.)
As I have indicated, nationssupposedly eliminated by Joshua experience a 'miraculous resurrection' infollowing manuscripts. The book of Joshua is a polemic and should be viewed forwhat it is, 'theology' (as barbaric as it is) rather than history. Considerthat the book of Kings and later Chronicles judge all kings according to theirtheology (not economics, or other factors) and the measurement of God'sdispleasure is success or failure in warfare. In this sense the book of Joshuacan also be seen as a kind of 'political theological' commentary. Joshua, inhis stunning military successes, can be seen as a kind of 'paradigm' againstwhich all future kings can be compared (and seen to fall short).
If we can agree that the book of Joshua is a kind of 'theological polemic', we should then ask whether its theology is a theology for the modern church. (I really, really hate that book. If there is anything at all admirable about that particular book, I have yet to discover what it might be.)For example I have heard church people singing, 'Joshua fought the battle ofJericho. There was none like good old Joshua, and the battle of Jericho.' Thisbeing, remember, one of those battles where he proceeded to 'kill every livingsoul. He left not a single one alive,' as the refrain from the book itself puts it. Men, women, infants, and when it suitedhim, every animal, cat, dog and hamster as well. Are we being invited to admire his conduct? I certainly don't.
"Joshua killed all their hamsters. He did not leave a single hamster alive." (Bravo! Well done!)He reduced cities to heaps ofrubble and burned their towns down. Just what are church people doing singing hymnscelebrating (even fictional) genocidal mass murder? In keeping with theanti-aboriginal polemics in both Joshua and Ezra-Nehemiah, perhaps it is timefor church people to sing songs explicitly celebrating some cowboy for hisexploits in massacring native North Americans. I mean, why not? Just where is the difference here? Or does amassacre (even if only fictional) have to be several thousand years old beforepeople can (desensitize themselves to violent brutality in the name of God) bysinging such songs?
Finally let us deal with this whole notion of ‘the canonicity' of the book of Joshua. Is it ‘an inspired writing,' or 'the Word of God,' orwhatever term you might choose to use? If you find one story after another ofgenocidal mass slaughter and 'ethnic cleansing' of men, women, children, andinfants, dogs, cats, and 'every living thing,' to be 'inspiring', well then,this book should be in the canon, should it not? Is it not simply there just because it has been there for a few thousand years? If Hosea could reject the book of Kings as part of the canon, because Jehu slaughtered the ministers of Baal and Ahab's family, or if he could reject the book of Judges as part of the canon because of a slaughter of Benjamites, what do you suppose he might have had to say about the book of Joshua? Is there a big difference between a minister of Baal and a Canaanite? Or an inhabitant of Jericho? Or an Amalekite?
Genocide and resurrection in the Bible
Genocide in the story of Balaam
Politically motivated editing in the Torah
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